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'''Overview of KNI Lab User Fees''' <br>
'''Overview of KNI Lab User Fees''' <br>
''Note: Rates below are valid beginning October 1, 2021 and are subject to change''
''Rates below are valid beginning October 1, 2025 and are subject to change''


* Fees are incurred on a pay-as-you-go basis (tools are charged by the hour or portion thereof)
* Fees are incurred on a pay-as-you-go basis (tools are charged by the hour or portion thereof).
* Caltech/JPL/Academic or Government lab members are '''NOT''' charged any Lab fees during calendar months of non-use
* Lab users do '''NOT''' incur lab fees during days or months of non-use.
*Invoices are issued monthly.


== Caltech Academic Usage Rates ==
'''Note: New users must submit a [[Membership_Forms | New User Form]] and attend general KNI Lab safety training before lab access is granted.'''
Below is a table of hourly rates for the equipment in the KNI Laboratory. Caltech/JPL users receive a quarterly fee cap for use of the cleanroom equipment in the KNI Lab. '''*NOTE:The maximum direct lab costs for cleanroom equipment that an individual Caltech/JPL user will be charged, per billing quarter, is $6,500.'''


{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;"
==Caltech & JPL User Rates==
Below is a table of ''direct'' hourly rates for lab and equipment use in the KNI Laboratory. Hourly rates are applied to an individual's actual usage in the KNI Lab.  Rates do '''not''' include any applicable indirect charges, such as F&A fees. F&A (overhead) will be applied separately based on the customer's PTA type. Rates are valid beginning October 1, 2025 and are subject to change.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 90%;"
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; width: 50%"| Equipment Name
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; width: 40%" |Tool Name
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; width: 35%"| Lab Area
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; width: 40%" |Resource Area
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; width: 15%" | Hourly Rate
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; width: 20%" |Hourly Rate
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Cleanroom Hourly Rate
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;" |General Lab
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | General KNI Cleanroom Use
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffe7d1;" |See details below
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $28
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;" |$43/hr
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| AJA Orion UHV Chalcogenide Sputter System
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;" |Raith EBPG 5000+ and 5200 Electron Beam Writers
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Evaporation, Sputtering
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffe7d1;" |Electron Beam Lithography (EBL)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;" |$130/hr
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| AJA Orion UHV Dielectric Sputter System
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;" |FEI Nova 600 Dualbeam Focused Ion Beam
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Evaporation, Sputtering
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;" |$75/hr
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| CHA MK40 E-Beam Evaporator
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;" |Oxford Cobra III-V ALE Etch System (TBA)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Evaporation, Sputtering
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffe7d1;" |Deposition, Chemical Vapor
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;" |$60/hr
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Lesker Labline E-Beam Evaporator
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;" |Oxford PECVD "2" System (TBA)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Evaporation, Sputtering
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;" |$60/hr
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Bruker Dimension ICON AFM
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;" |Oxford FlexAl ALD/ALE System
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffe7d1;" |Deposition, Chemical Vapor
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;" |$40/hr
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| FEI Nova 200 NanoLab Dualbeam FIB/SEM
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;" |Oxford III-V Etch System
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;" |$40/hr
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| FEI Nova 600 Dualbeam Focused Ion Beam
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;" |Oxford Dielectric Etch System
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;" |$40/hr
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| FEI Quanta ESEM /NPGS
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;" |Oxford DRIE Etch System
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;" |$40/hr
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| FEI Sirion FESEM
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;" |Oxford PECVD System (legacy)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;" |$40/hr
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| FEI Tecnai TF-30 TEM, STEM, EDS & HAADF
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;" |Nanoscribe PPGT
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fec38d;" | Microscopy *Not Capped*
! scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | 2D/3D Print
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $90
! scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;" |$5/hr
|-
|}
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Zeiss Orion NanoFab
 
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Microscopy
'''Academic Discount on General Cleanroom Usage'''
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $79
 
|-
A 50% discount will be applied to the General Cleanroom rate for any cleanroom usage accrued ''after'' 40 hours per calendar month. The discounted hourly rate, $21.50, is only applied to the hours that exceed 40 in a given month.
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Oxford Dielectric System 100 ICP/RIE
 
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Deposition, Etch
Example: A user logs 50 hours in the cleanroom during the month of October. Their invoice will be: (40 x $43) + (10 x $21.50) = $1,935
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $89
 
|-
'''General Lab use is counted as time in the KNI cleanroom facility. It includes access to:'''
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Oxford DRIE System 100 ICP/RIE
*Atomic Force Microscope
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Deposition, Etch
*Critical Point Dryer
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $89
*Electron Beam Evaporators
|-
*Laser Interference Lithography System
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Oxford FlexAl ALD System
*He-Ne-Ga Ion Microscope (Orion Nanofab)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Deposition, Etch
*Mask Aligners
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $89
*Parylene Coater
|-
*Profilometer
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Oxford III-V System 100 ICP/RIE
*Rapid Thermal Processor
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Deposition, Etch
*Scanning Electron Microscopes (Quanta, Sirion)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $89
*Scriber Breaker
|-
*Spectroscopic Ellipsometer
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Oxford PECVD System 100
*Tube Furnaces (Wet, Dry Oxide + Annealing)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Deposition, Etch
*Wafer Stepper
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $89
*Wet Chemistry Room/general supplies
|-
*Wire Bonder
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Plasmatherm Reactive Ion Etch
*XeF2 Silicon Etcher
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Deposition, Etch
*Other tools not listed in the table above
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $89
 
|-
'''Miscellaneous Rates'''
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| XeF2 silicon etcher
* Precious Metal (gold, platinum, etc.) usage will be billed the market rate, per gram.Staff-approved full service work is $100/hr.
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Deposition, Etch
 
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $89
==Full-Service Work Requests ==
|-
KNI lab members and non-lab members can submit a request for full-service work performed by KNI technical staff using KNI equipment. The project will incur costs based on the actual usage of equipment (refer to rates above), as well as charges for the following:
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Raith EBPG 5000+ Electron Beam Writer
{| class="wikitable"
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fec38d;" | Electron Beam Lithography *Not Capped*
|Fees
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $115
|Price
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Raith EBPG 5200 Electron Beam Writer
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fec38d;" | Electron Beam Lithography *Not Capped*
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $115
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| GCA 6300 DSW Stepper
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Optical Lithography
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Heidelberg DWL-66
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Optical Lithography
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| NILT CNI-PV 2.1 Nanoimprint
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Optical Lithography
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Nanoscribe Photonic Professional GT
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Optical Lithography
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Suss Microtech MA6 Aligner
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Optical Lithography
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Suss Microtech MA6/BA6 Aligner
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Optical Lithography
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $62
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Dynatex GST-150 Scriber/Breaker
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Support & Misc Tools
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $44
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Para Tech LabTop 3000 Parylene Coater
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Support & Misc Tools
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $44
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Suss SB6L Wafer Bonder
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Support & Misc Tools
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $44
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Tousimis Critical Point Dryer
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Support & Misc Tools
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $44
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Tystar Tytan Dry Oxide + annealing
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Support & Misc Tools
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $44
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Tystar Tytan Wet + Dry Oxide + annealing
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Support & Misc Tools
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $44
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Westbond 7476D Wire Bonder
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Support & Misc Tools
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $44
|-
|-
!scope="col" style="text-align:left; background-color:#ffd8b4;"| Woolam M-2000 Spectroscopic Ellipsometer
|Technical Staff Effort (hourly)
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffe7d1;" | Support & Misc Tools
|$                                                    100.00
!scope="col" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF;"| $44
|-
|-
|Administrative Fee (per transaction)
|$                                                    100.00
|}
|}
'''To submit a request for full-service work''', contact the technical staff member in charge of the equipment you are interested in using, or send an email to [mailto:kni@caltech.edu kni@caltech.edu]. Requests will be reviewed and selected based on staff availability, agreement of scope, and turnaround timeline. A PTA must be provided in advance in order for work to begin. KNI offers no guarantees for the end product.
'''Note:''' The rates above are the direct costs. Overhead fees will be applied.


==Overhead/Indirect Cost Rate ==
The KNI Lab charges for Non-Caltech Academic, Government, and Corporate KNI lab members are subject to Caltech's F&A (indirect/"overhead") rate. The F&A rate for fiscal year 2026 is 70%.
Internal (Caltech and JPL) users will also have overhead applied to their charges. The overhead is accounted for in the back end of the internal charging process and the overhead rate is dependent on the PTA used to pay for the KNI Lab fees. If you have questions about this, please discuss with your grants manager.


'''FEE CAP EXCEPTIONS'''
==External/Corporate Memberships==
*EBPG 5000+ and 5200 systems are not included in the quarterly academic/government rate cap. Actual hours will be billed.
*TF-30 STEM in Keck Building: Lab members who '''only''' use the TF-30 are exempt from paying the General Cleanroom hourly rate. TF-30 use is not included in the quarterly academic/government rate cap. Actual hours will be billed.
*Precious Metal (gold and platinum) usage will be billed the market rate, per gram.
*Dedicated KNI Staff Labor/Support for Research is $100/hr.


'''OVERHEAD FEE/INDIRECT COST'''
The KNI Lab is open to external academic, government, industry, and startup organizations. Rates for industry and startups differ from the posted rates (above) for our internal academic users. All external users will be billed for Caltech's fiscal year overhead rate.  
*Rates for JPL, Non-Caltech Academic, Government, and Corporate KNI lab members will be subject to Caltech's F&A (indirect/"overhead") costs. The F&A rate for fiscal year 2022 is 68.4%


==Corporate Memberships==
For information on the KNI external lab membership plan, please send an email to [mailto:tkimoto@caltech.edu tkimoto@caltech.edu] with details regarding 1) the number of people looking to join as KNI lab members, 2) equipment needs, 3) anticipated start date, and 4) information about the company. Startup companies may qualify for limited-term reduced rates.


For information on the KNI corporate lab membership plan, please send an email to [mailto:tkimoto@caltech.edu tkimoto@caltech.edu] with details regarding 1) the number of people looking to join as KNI lab members, 2) equipment needs, 3) anticipated start date, and 4) information about the company. Startup companies may qualify for limited-term reduced rates.
'''Additional paperwork is required, including a Facilities Use Agreement, certificate of liability insurance that meets Caltech requirements, a purchase order, and an External Affiliate appointment.''' This process can take up to a few weeks, and all steps must be completed before an external user is able to start in the KNI Lab.

Latest revision as of 06:03, 1 October 2025

Overview of KNI Lab User Fees
Rates below are valid beginning October 1, 2025 and are subject to change

  • Fees are incurred on a pay-as-you-go basis (tools are charged by the hour or portion thereof).
  • Lab users do NOT incur lab fees during days or months of non-use.
  • Invoices are issued monthly.

Note: New users must submit a New User Form and attend general KNI Lab safety training before lab access is granted.

Caltech & JPL User Rates

Below is a table of direct hourly rates for lab and equipment use in the KNI Laboratory. Hourly rates are applied to an individual's actual usage in the KNI Lab. Rates do not include any applicable indirect charges, such as F&A fees. F&A (overhead) will be applied separately based on the customer's PTA type. Rates are valid beginning October 1, 2025 and are subject to change.

Tool Name Resource Area Hourly Rate
General Lab See details below $43/hr
Raith EBPG 5000+ and 5200 Electron Beam Writers Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) $130/hr
FEI Nova 600 Dualbeam Focused Ion Beam Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) $75/hr
Oxford Cobra III-V ALE Etch System (TBA) Deposition, Chemical Vapor $60/hr
Oxford PECVD "2" System (TBA) Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) $60/hr
Oxford FlexAl ALD/ALE System Deposition, Chemical Vapor $40/hr
Oxford III-V Etch System Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) $40/hr
Oxford Dielectric Etch System Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) $40/hr
Oxford DRIE Etch System Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) $40/hr
Oxford PECVD System (legacy) Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) $40/hr
Nanoscribe PPGT 2D/3D Print $5/hr

Academic Discount on General Cleanroom Usage

A 50% discount will be applied to the General Cleanroom rate for any cleanroom usage accrued after 40 hours per calendar month. The discounted hourly rate, $21.50, is only applied to the hours that exceed 40 in a given month.

Example: A user logs 50 hours in the cleanroom during the month of October. Their invoice will be: (40 x $43) + (10 x $21.50) = $1,935

General Lab use is counted as time in the KNI cleanroom facility. It includes access to:

  • Atomic Force Microscope
  • Critical Point Dryer
  • Electron Beam Evaporators
  • Laser Interference Lithography System
  • He-Ne-Ga Ion Microscope (Orion Nanofab)
  • Mask Aligners
  • Parylene Coater
  • Profilometer
  • Rapid Thermal Processor
  • Scanning Electron Microscopes (Quanta, Sirion)
  • Scriber Breaker
  • Spectroscopic Ellipsometer
  • Tube Furnaces (Wet, Dry Oxide + Annealing)
  • Wafer Stepper
  • Wet Chemistry Room/general supplies
  • Wire Bonder
  • XeF2 Silicon Etcher
  • Other tools not listed in the table above

Miscellaneous Rates

  • Precious Metal (gold, platinum, etc.) usage will be billed the market rate, per gram.Staff-approved full service work is $100/hr.

Full-Service Work Requests

KNI lab members and non-lab members can submit a request for full-service work performed by KNI technical staff using KNI equipment. The project will incur costs based on the actual usage of equipment (refer to rates above), as well as charges for the following:

Fees Price
Technical Staff Effort (hourly) $                                                    100.00
Administrative Fee (per transaction) $                                                    100.00

To submit a request for full-service work, contact the technical staff member in charge of the equipment you are interested in using, or send an email to kni@caltech.edu. Requests will be reviewed and selected based on staff availability, agreement of scope, and turnaround timeline. A PTA must be provided in advance in order for work to begin. KNI offers no guarantees for the end product.

Note: The rates above are the direct costs. Overhead fees will be applied.

Overhead/Indirect Cost Rate

The KNI Lab charges for Non-Caltech Academic, Government, and Corporate KNI lab members are subject to Caltech's F&A (indirect/"overhead") rate. The F&A rate for fiscal year 2026 is 70%. Internal (Caltech and JPL) users will also have overhead applied to their charges. The overhead is accounted for in the back end of the internal charging process and the overhead rate is dependent on the PTA used to pay for the KNI Lab fees. If you have questions about this, please discuss with your grants manager.

External/Corporate Memberships

The KNI Lab is open to external academic, government, industry, and startup organizations. Rates for industry and startups differ from the posted rates (above) for our internal academic users. All external users will be billed for Caltech's fiscal year overhead rate.

For information on the KNI external lab membership plan, please send an email to tkimoto@caltech.edu with details regarding 1) the number of people looking to join as KNI lab members, 2) equipment needs, 3) anticipated start date, and 4) information about the company. Startup companies may qualify for limited-term reduced rates.

Additional paperwork is required, including a Facilities Use Agreement, certificate of liability insurance that meets Caltech requirements, a purchase order, and an External Affiliate appointment. This process can take up to a few weeks, and all steps must be completed before an external user is able to start in the KNI Lab.